PMP备考第6章章节试题解析 单选题 （每题1分，共16道题）

1 [单选] 以下哪一个描述符合滚动式规划的特征？

Which of the following describes the characteristics of rolling wave planning?

A：从工作包向上滚动到WBS更高层级的规划方法；

The planning method of rolling up from the work package to the higher level of WBS;

B：只规划一个阶段的工作，完成后滚动到下一个阶段开始新的规划；

Plan only one stage of work and then scroll to the next stage to start the new plan;

C：按照项目涉及各专业领域，完整滚动一圈来完成规划；

Complete the planning in accordance with various professional fields which the project involved in;

D：根据项目信息的不断收集，规划包变成工作包的过程

According to the continuous collection of project information from planning packages become work packages.

正确答案：D你的答案：D

解析：滚动式规划指的是近期工作详细描述，远期工作粗略描述，随着项目进展，获取信息越来越丰富，一次次逐渐细化的规划方法见 6.2.2.3

2 [单选] 为了控制进度，项目经理采取了最小浮动时间来分析活动之间的顺序，以此来预测项目持续时间她使用的技术是：

To control the schedule a project manager is analyzing the sequence of activities with the least amount of scheduling flexibility to predict the project duration. What technique is she using?

A：关键路径法（CPM）

Critical path method

B：流程图

Flowchart

C：紧前关系绘图法（前导图）

Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM)

D：里程碑图

Milestone chart

正确答案：A你的答案：A

解析：关键路径就是浮动时间最少的那条路径，所以题干里的信息提示这种方法就是关键路径法 见6.5.2.2

3 [单选] 对比几种估算活动持续时间的方法，下列表述正确的是？

Comparing several ways of estimating the duration of activities what is the correct statement?

A：类比估算比自下而上估算的成本低，通常准确度也低；

analogue estimation is less costly than bottom-up estimation and is usually less accurate;

B：参数估算法是估算每项活动的持续时间的最理想的方法；

parameter estimation is the most ideal way to estimate the duration of each activity;

C：专家判断法估算整个项目的工期通常是最可靠的；

The expert judgment method estimates that the duration of the entire project is usually the most reliable;

D：用三点估算法公式得出的期望值就是确保能够完成该项工作的时间

The expected value of the three-point estimation method is to ensure that the work is completed.

正确答案：A你的答案：A

解析：类比估算优点是快捷经济，但是缺点就是可能不准，和自下而上的估算的特点刚好相反

4 [单选] 一个活动工期的期望值6天，标准差0.5天，5天之内完成该活动的可能性是？

The expected value of an activity period is 6 days the standard deviation 0.5 days and the possibility of completing the activity within 5 days?

A：15.87%

15.87%

B：97.73%

97.73%

C：2.27%

2.27%

D：84.13%

84.13%

正确答案：C你的答案：B

解析：期望值 6 天，标准差 0.5 天，5 天之内完成的概率就是正态分布曲线被期望值一分为二，左边的面积（50%）减去期望值向左两个标准差的面积，左右各两个标准差的面积是 95.46%那 5 天之内完成的概率是 50%-(95.46%)/2=2.27% 可见，如果标准差是 0.5 天的话，提前一天完工的可能性只有 2.27%，几乎不可能

5 [单选] 旧系统的数据迁移至新系统，乐观估计4天，最可能估计7天，悲观估计16天，采用贝塔（β）分布，计算期望值和标准差，以下结果正确的是？

The data of the old system is migrated to the new system. The optimistic estimate is 4 days. It is most likely to estimate 7 days. Pessimistic estimate is 16 days and the beta distribution is adopted to calculate the expected value and standard deviation. Which of the following is true?

A：期望值9天，标准差2天；

expected value 9 days standard deviation 2 days;

B：期望值8天，标准差1天；

expected value 8 days standard deviation 1 day;

C：期望值7天，标准差2天；

expected value 7 days standard deviation 2 days;

D：期望值8天，标准差2天

expected value 8 days standard deviation 2 days.

正确答案：D你的答案：D

解析：期望值 Te=（O+4M+P）/6=（4+4*7+16）/6=8；标准差 σ = (P-O)/6=（16-4）/6=2

6 [单选] 滞后的含义是：

The meaning of lag is:

A：不影响项目总工期的前提下，活动可以拖延的总时间；

The total amount of time that activities can be delayed without affecting the overall project duration;

B：不影响紧后工作最早开始时间的前提下，活动可以拖延的总时间；

The total amount of time that activities can be delayed without affecting the earliest starting time of the tight work;

C：等待时间；

waiting time;

D：与紧前工作并行的时间

Time parallel to immediately preceding work.

正确答案：C你的答案：A

解析：滞后 LAG 的含义就是在前一项工作完成后增加等待时间，而不是让紧后工作马上开始见6.3.2.3

7 [单选] 一名项目团队成员报告说因为和她配合的技术人员离职了，需要重新招募替代人员，因此活动原定的开始时间需要顺延2周因为项目对公司非常重要，这个突发情况导致管理层很紧张你作为项目经理在汇报项目进展时却坚持说项目可以按期完成，不必担心你可以这样说的依据是？

One project team member reported that because the technical staff who had been cooperating with her had left they needed to re-recruit the replacement one so the original start time of the activity had to be delayed by 2 weeks. Because the project is very important to the company this unexpected situation has caused the management to be very nervous. As the project manager，when you report the progress of the project you insist that the project can be completed on schedule without worrying about it. Why can you say that?

A：活动处于关键路径上，你会重点关注；

The activity is on the critical path and you will focus on it;

B：活动处于非关键路径上，且总浮动时间大于2周；

The activity is on the non-critical path and the total floating time is greater than 2 weeks;

C：活动处于非关键路径上，无论如何不会影响总工期；

The activity is on a non-critical path regardless of how the total project duration is not affected;

D：活动处于关键路径上，团队可以加班赶回来

The activity is on the critical path and the team can work overtime.

正确答案：B你的答案：B

解析：能够有把握说活动顺延两周而不影响总工期，可以判断这项活动肯定在非关键路径上，因为关键路径上的活动一旦顺延，总工期肯定立刻改变其次，这项活动的浮动时间如果大于 2 周，就可以包容它 2 周的顺延而不改变路径的长度，总工期暂时不会受到影响

8 [单选] 项目经理不允许团队成员在评估活动历时时增加安全时间，但他自己在给发起人汇报项目工期时额外多报了5周针对他这种做法你怎么看？

The project manager does not allow team members to increase any buffer to the duration estimates of activities. But he himself adds an extra by five weeks to the project schedule which is reported to the sponsor. What do you think about?

A：项目经理太自私，欺下瞒上；

The project manager is so selfish that he is playing politics;

B：项目经理这么做没错，他争取的是管理储备；

The project manager is right he is fighting for management reserve;

C：项目经理这么做没错，他采用的是关键路径法；

The project manager is right he used the critical path method;

D：项目经理这么做没错，他采用的是关键链法

The project manager is right he used the critical chain method.

正确答案：D你的答案：C

解析：关键链法是高德拉特在制约理论基础上提出的，强调储备（缓冲）集中管理，避免储备分散到活动上如果风险不发生而造成浪费

9 [单选] 下面哪一个是不正确的？

Which of the following is not true?

A：关键路径可以帮助推导项目总工期；

The critical path can help to derive the project's total project duration;

B：关键路径上，活动的工期无法压缩；

On the critical path the duration of the activity cannot be compressed;

C：关键路径是浮动时间最少的路径；

The critical path is the path with the least float time;

D：浮动时间可能出现负值

The floating time may be negative.

正确答案：B你的答案：B

解析：关键路径上的活动是浮动时间最少，但不代表不可以压缩，而且压缩工期优先对关键路径上的活动下手才有效

10 [单选] 编制项目计划时项目经理发现资源已过载，但无法获得更多的资源，工期还有一定的余量，项目经理最好去：

The project resources had been overloaded but the project manager could not get more resources and there was still a certain amount of surplus in the project duration. What is the best thing for the project manager to do?

A：将非关键路径改为关键路径；

Change the non-critical path to the critical path;

B：快速跟进项目；

Fast-tracking the project;

C：实施资源平衡；

Implementation of resource level;

D：实施资源平滑

Implementation of resource smooth.

正确答案：C你的答案：D

解析：资源平衡 Resource Level 是指通过调整活动的开始或结束时间，来错开同期资源过载的问题但往往会改变关键路径题干中说时间还有余地，资源过载必须解决，资源平衡就是最佳选择见 6.5.2.3

11 [单选] 项目经理发现关键路径上的活动已出现延误，职能部门已没有更多的人手可以提供，因关键路径上活动之间的逻辑制约无法采取快速跟进的办法如果要保证项目按时交付，项目经理应该怎么办？

The project manager found that some activities on the critical path had been delayed. Functional departments had no more resources available and because of the logical constraints between activities on the critical path fast-tracking method could not be used. What should the project manager do if the project must be delivered on time?

A：实施资源平衡；

implement resource level;

B：实施资源平滑；

implement resource smooth;

C：没有办法，只能修改进度基准；

there is no way to modify the schedule line;

D：在非关键路径上实施快速跟进

implement fast-tracking on non-critical path.

正确答案：B你的答案：B

解析：资源平滑 Resource Smooth 是利用非关键路径上的浮动时间，修改非关键路径上活动的开始或结束时间，削峰填谷，减少资源在时间分布上不均衡的情况该题的意思是调用非关键路径上活动的资源支援关键路径上的活动，非关键路径上有浮动时间，减少资源造成活动历时变成可以消化，资源支援到关键路径上，是通过赶工的方式缩短关键路径上活动的历时，进而减轻项目工期延误的风险见 6.5.2.3

12 [单选] 活动A，B的开始时间不受限制，历时分别2周和3周；A和B完成才可以开始C，C需要3周；D活动需要4周实践，但必须在B完成后开始；C和D都结束项目就可以完成A活动因为资源不到位开始时间比计划晚了3周，这将导致：

The start time of activity A and B is not limited and the duration is 2 weeks and 3 weeks respectively. "A" and "B" finish to start C "C" takes three weeks; Activity D requires 4 weeks but must begin after B is completed; Both C and D finished the project can be completed. Activity A is three weeks behind schedule because the resources are not available. This will result in:

A：项目总工期延误3周；

The project duration is delayed by 3 weeks;

B：项目总工期延误2周；

The project duration is delayed by 2 weeks;

C：项目总工期延误1周；

The project duration is delayed by 1 week;

D：项目总工期不变，但C活动浮动时间减少1周

The project duration is unchanged but the floating time of activity C decreases by 1 week.

正确答案：C你的答案：C

解析：根据（图 65-1）可以看出 B-D 是关键路径，A-C 路径总共有 2 周浮动时间（AC 之间 1 周，C之后 1 周） A 活动晚 3 周开始，消耗掉 2 周浮动时间后，A-C 变成了关键路径，还把总工期撑长了 1 周（见图 65-2）

13 [单选] 根据表格提供的信息，如果你需要将项目工期压缩1周，你首先应该压缩哪个活动？

According to the information provided in the table if you need to compress the project duration for one week which activity should you compress first?

A：活动 A

Activity A

B：活动 B

Activity B

C：活动 D

Activity D

D：活动 E

Activity E

正确答案：A你的答案：C

解析：根据（图 66-1）我们可以看出 A-D-E 是关键路径，压缩工期首先要对关键路径下手，关键路径上有 ADE 三项活动，压缩哪个呢？ E 活动只有 1 周，再压缩 1 周是不可能的；A 和 D活动压缩哪个都可以实现工期缩短一周，这种情况下，应该压缩先发生的活动，那就是 A 见（图 66-2），这样 D 活动还有机会留给以后需要的时候压缩，否则先压 D 的话，错过了 A，就再没有机会压缩 A 了压缩 A 后，B 活动也在关键路径上了

14 [单选] 在项目进度状态汇报会上，项目经理提供的CPM图中显示有两项活动的总浮动时间是负的，从该项分析中可以得出下列哪一项结论？

At the project status report the project manager's CPM graph shows that the total floating time of two activities is negative and which one of the following conclusions can you draw from the analysis?

A：这两项活动都在关键路径上；

Both activities are on the critical path;

B：两项活动的最早开始时间都早于最晚开始时间；

The early start time of the two activities is earlier than the late finish time;

C：两项活动的最晚结束时间都早于最晚开始时间；

The late finish time of the two activities is earlier than the late start time;

D：因为活动有负浮动时间，所以项目进度比计划超前了

Because of negative floating time the project progress is ahead of schedule.

正确答案：A你的答案：D

解析：浮动时间0 的活动一定在关键路径上，A 正确；B 选项最早开始时间 ES 早于最晚开始时间LS，说明 LS-ES＞0，有正的浮动时间，和题干不符； C选项最晚结束时间 LF 早于最晚开始时间 LS，这两个值之间的差是活动历时 DU，不是浮动时间；D 选项活动有负浮动时间，如果不能压缩该活动的话，必然导致工期延误，不可能得出进度超前的结论

15 [单选] 关于管理储备，以下表述哪一项是正确的：

Which of the following statements about management reserve is true?

A：管理储备包含在成本基准中；

Management reserve should be included in the cost line;

B：管理储备包含在项目预算中；

Management reserve should be included in the project budget;

C：管理储备由项目经理掌握；

Management reserve is controlled by the project manager;

D：管理储备用于应对已知-未知风险

Management reserve is used to deal with known-unknown risks.

正确答案：B你的答案：D

解析：管理储备专门用于应对未知-未知风险，D 不正确管理储备由高级管理层掌握，C 不正确；管理储备不包含在成本基准中，但包含在项目预算中（项目预算=成本基准+管理储备），因此 A 不正确，只有 B 正确

16 [单选] 标准差是衡量：

The standard deviation is the measurement:

A：估算值与最高估算值的偏差

Deviation between the estimated value and the maximum estimation value.

B：测量数据相对均值的离散程度

Measure the dispersion degree of relative mean of data.

C：最大值和最小值之间的距离

The distance between maximum and minimum values

D：测量值与标准之间的偏差

Deviation between measurement values and standards.

正确答案：B你的答案：B

   解析：标准差 σ 是衡量概率分布曲线的胖瘦，就是概率分布数据与均值（期望值）的离散程度